The article deals with the key aspects of the air and air missile programs as the consequence
of the evolving security environment, which prompted major international actors to initiate
appropriate actions aimed at assuring effective defence against ballistic missile threat.
The author focuses on three key programs. First one - the United States defence missile
program, perceived as a vital element of the state security strategy. Second one - the NATO
ballistic missile defence which main purpose is to develop a capability needed to protect
Allied forces engaged in out-of-area operations against short and medium range ballistic
missiles. Third one - the Polish air and missile defence endeavors seen from the role of the
Polish military industry in the development of „the Shield of Poland", as the national and
ambitious program. Finally, the National Defence University and other military research
institutions contribution to development of the Polish Air and Missile Defence System is
considered.